Conjugación y Ejercicios

Esto es para los estudiantes de IUTAJS en Inglés I

CONJUGACION Y EJERCICIOS

Verb: To Be

Present  I am you are he/she/it is we are you are they are

Past  I was you were he/she/it was we were you were they were

Future I shall be you will be he/she/it will be we shall be you will be they will be

Exercises

I am singer you are singer he is singer she is singer it is singer we are singer you are singer they are singer

I was singing you were singing he was singing she was singing it was singing we were singing you were singing they were singing

I shall be singing you will be singing he will be singing she will be singing it will be singing we shall be singing you will be singing they will be singing

OTROS EJEMPLOS

The house WAS NOT white (la casa no es blanca) 
I was a student. (Era alumno.) 
You were happy. .(Eras feliz.) 
He was a musician. (Fue músico.) 
She was in the car. (Estaba en el coche.) 
It was a hot day. (Era un día caluroso) 
We were lucky. (Tuvimos suerte) 
They were ours. (Eran nuestros.) 
You were from Madrid. (Erais de Madrid.) 

I was not a student. (No era alumno. )  

You were an idiot yesterday 
Juan was watching the TV. 
He was at the school in the morning. 
She was a model 
My father was an actor. 

I was very happy 

You were sleeping on your bed 

He was eating his food 

It was very cold 

They were having fun 

She was playing soccer 

We were watching television 

You were doing your homework 

He was makeing good things 

It was going very fast

I was born in U.K. 

She was cooking some cakes. 
He was playing tennis with your cousin. 
thes were wathing tv until 9:00pm. 
i was very stupid because someone did my homework. 
the radio was invented by marconi. 
the cartoons were most educated in 1973 
we were studying for the quiz but this was cancelled. 
i was guy very bad now i changed 
i was learning english 

Afirmativo

I was

You were

He was

She was

It was

We were

You were

They were

La forma afirmativa del pasado no se puede contraer.

Ejemplos

I was sleepy	Estaba adormilado
She was wrong	Estaba equivocada
We were happy	Éramos felices
They were teachers	Eran profesores

Negativo

Sujeto + was/were + not + ...

Forma larga	Forma corta
I was not	I wasn´t
You were not	You weren´t
He was not	He wasn´t
She was not	She wasn´t
It was not	It wasn´t
We were not	We weren´t
You were not	You weren´t
They were not	They weren´t

La forma negativa se puede contraer.

Ejemplos

I wasn´t married	No estaba casada
It was not windy	No hacía viento
We were not young	No éramos jóvenes
You weren´t our lawyers	No érais nuestros abogados

Interrogativo

Was/Were + Sujeto + ...?

Afirmativo	Negativo
Was I...?	Was I not...?
Were you...?	Were you not...?	Weren´t you...?
Was he...?	Was he not...?	Wasn´t he...?
Was she...?	Was she not...?	Wasn´t she...?
Was it...?	Was it not...?	Wasn´t it...?
Were we...?	Were we not...?	Weren´t we...?
Were you...?	Were you not...?	Weren´t you...?
Were they...?	Were they not...?	Weren´t they...?

Ejemplos

Was I late?	¿Llegaba tarde?
Weren´t you 18 years old?	¿No tenías 18 años?
Why wasn´t she here?	¿Por qué no estaba aquí?
Were they not afraid?	¿No tenían miedo?

Para los demás tiempos verbales 'to be' se comporta como un verbo ordinario.

I have been a good friend (Present Perfect).

I am being very patient (Present continuous).

I will be your wife (Future).

I can be your friend (con un verbo modal).

Verb: To Have

Present  I have you have he/she/it has we have you have they have

Past  I had you had he/she/it had we had you had they had

Future I shall have you will have he/she/it will have we shall have you will have they will have

Exercises

I have to eat you have to eat he has  to eat she has  to eat it has  to eat we have  to eat you have  to eat they have  to eat

I had ate you had ate he had ate she had ate it had ate we had ate you had ate they had ate

I shall have eat you will have eat he will have eat she will have eat it will have eat we shall have eat you will have eat they will have eat

OTROS EJEMPLOS

Afirmativo

Forma larga	Forma corta
I had	I'd
You had	You'd
He had	He'd
She had	She'd
It had	It'd
We had	We'd
You had	You'd
They had	They'd

Ejemplos

I had flu last week.	Tuve la gripe la semana pasada.
You´d an idea.	Tuviste una idea.
She had a baby.	Tuvo un bebé.
They´d some friends.	Tuvieron algunos amigos.

Negativo

Sujeto + did + not + have + ....

Sujeto + had + not + ....

Forma larga	Forma corta	Forma larga	Forma corta	Forma corta
I did not have	I didn´t have	I had not	I hadn´t	I´d not
You did not have	You didn´t have	You had not	You hadn´t	You´d not
He did not have	He doesn't have	He had not	He hadn´t	He´d not
She did not have	She didn´t have	She had not	She hadn´t	She´d not
It did not have	It didn´t have	It had not	It hadn´t	It´d not
We did not have	We didn´t have	We had not	We hadn´t	We´d not
You did not have	You didn´t have	You had not	You hadn´t	You´d not
They did not have	They didn´t have	They had not	They hadn´t	They´d not

Ejemplos

I didn't have a good holiday.	No tuve unas buenas vacaciones.
You´d not arrived.	No habíais llegado.
He didn´t have to go.	No tenía que irse.
They hadn´t worked.	No habían trabajado.

Interrogativo

Did + sujeto + have + ... ?

Had + sujeto + ... ?

Did I have ...?	Had I ...?
Did you have ...?	Had you ...?
Did he have ...?	Had he ...?
Did she have ...?	Had she ...?
Did it have ...?	Had it ...?
Did we have ...?	Had we ...?
Did you have ...?	Had you ...?
Did they have ...?	Had they ...?

Ejemplos

When did I have a talk with you?	¿Cuándo tuve una charla contigo?
Had you broken the window?	¿Habías roto la ventana?
Did he have time to go to Madrid?	¿Tuvo tiempo de ir a Madrid?

EJEMPLO DE EVALUACION

Ejercicios

1 Completa las siguientes oraciones con la forma larga del pasado del verbo to have en forma afirmativa.

1 I  a black cat.

2 She  a flu last Christmas.

3 They  two computers.

2 Completa las siguientes oraciones con la forma contraída del verbo to have en pasado negativa.

4 I  breakfast this morning

5 He  got a good dictionary.

6 My old house  a garden.

3 Completa las siguientes oraciones con el pasado del verbo to have en interrogativa afirmativa.

7 he  a new camera?

8 they  got a house in Miami?

4 Completa las siguientes oraciones con la forma contraída del verbo to have en pasado interrogativa en negativo.

9 we  enough time yesterday?

10 he  got a violin?

Ejercicios

1 Completa las siguientes oraciones con el pasado simple del verbo to be en forma afirmativa.

1 They  very happy.

2 I  very angry.

3 My friend Tom  in New York last summer.

2 Completa las siguientes oraciones con la forma contraída del verbo to be en pasado y en forma negativa.

4 You  at school last Monday.

5 He  fifteen years old.

6 Our houses  very old.

3 Completa las siguientes oraciones con el pasado del verbo to be en interrogativa afirmativa.

7  she a beatiful girl?

8 Where  my car?

4 Completa las siguientes oraciones con la forma contraída del verbo to be en pasado interrogativa.

9  we here last holidays?

10  it a nice present?

Deben revisar más

allí están

Verbo to have = tener

I have breakfast at 8 o’clock most days. 
I had breakfast at 8 o’clock yesterday morning 
I will have breakfast at 8 o’clock tomorrow morning. 

She has a bath every day. 
She had a bath yesterday. 
She will have a bath early tomorrow. 

He has a nice dream every night. 
He had a nice dream last night. 
He will have a nice dream tomorrow. 

I have a conversation with my father every other day. 
I had a conversation with my father last night. 
I shall have a convesation with my father next Saturday. 

I have a game of tennis twice a week. 
I had a game of tennis last Sunday. 
I shall have a game of tennis next Friday. 

He has a beer once a week. 
He had a beer yesterday. 
He will have a beer tomorrow night. 

They have lunch at 1:00 every day. 
They had luch at 1:30 yesterday. 
They will have lunch at 1:30 tomorrow. 

We have dinner at 8:30 on Saturdays. 
We had dinner at 7:30 last night. 
We shall have dinner at 7:30 tomorrow night. 

Mi father has a shave every mornig. 
My father had a shave yesterday. 
My father will have a shave tomorrow. 

My mother has tea every day. 
My mother had tea yesterday. 
My mother will have tea tomorrow. 

Verbo to be = ser o estar 
persona + tobe + verbo terminando en ing = estoy comiENDO terminado en ENDO ANDO 
SOLO EJEMPLOS EN PRESENTE 
1I am in my house. yo estoy en mi casa 
2.I am thinking of you. yo estoy pensandote 
3.You are eating what you like. tu estas comiendo lo que te gusta 
4.You are worried for the test of English. tu estas preocupado por la prueba de ingles 
5.He is ready for the test of math. el esta listo para la prueba de ingles 
6.He is waiting that you come back. el esta esperando que tu regreses 
7.They are in the bus. ellos estan en el bus 
8.I’m in the school. yo estoy en la escuela 
9.I’m doing cleaning. yo estoy limpiando 
10.You are cooking somethinf delicious. tu estas cocinando algo delicioso 
11. You are sad because you feel alone. tu estas triste por que te sientes solo 
12. He is happy because his mother comes back tomorrow. el es feliz por que su madre regresa mañana 
13.He is ill of the heart. el esta enfermo del corazon 
14.She is waiting your answer in yahoo answer. ella esta esperando tu respuesta en yahoo respuestas 
15.We thinking on go to visit you el esta pensando en ir a vistarte. 
16.We disappointted by you way to be. estamos decepcionados de ti por tu forma de ser 
17. They are swimming in the pool. ellos estan nadando en la piscina 
18. They are looking for a work. ellos estan buscando trabajo 
19. I’m desiring see you today. yo estoy deseando verte a ti hoy 
20.I’m running towards my house yo estoy corriendo hacia mi casa

1) I want to be a famous writer when I grow up. 
2) Everyday I want to be someone new. 
3) Every friends want to stay close forever. 
4) My mother wants to find a new job. 
5) The teachers want to educate their students. 
6) My brother always wanted to be an art teacher. 
7) You said you wanted to be independent. 
8) I'm not ready to be by myself yet. 
9) She felt worried to be left out alone with her siblings. 
10) My dad wanted to be an english teacher 10 years ago.

VERBO "TO BE" + PRONOMBRE PERSONAL + ADJETIVO 
Is he sad ? (¿Está el triste?) 
Is she angry ? (¿Está ella enojada ?) 
Are you busy ? (¿Estás ocupado ?) 
Are we fine ? (¿estamos bien ?) 
Are they tired ? (¿están ellos cansados?) 
Are you happy ? (¿Están ustedes felices?) 

I am sexy. 
I wanna be rich. 
I don't have to be at work tomorrow. 
I'm going to be sad when the school starts over. 
My arm is broken. 
Some people are clean and neat. 
The neighbor is takin out his trash. 
Mallorie used to be fat, but now she is doing exercise and dieting.

VERB TO BE: USOS Y EJEMPLOS

Infinitivo	To Be (Ser, Estar)
Pasado (Pretérito)	Was, were (Fui, Era)
Participio	Been (Sido, Estado)

PRESENTE

El Verb To Be corresponde a los verbos en español “ser” y “estar”.

Afirmación

En tiempo presente, utilizamos AM, IS o ARE. Esto depende del sujeto a quien nos estamos refiriendo.;

I                       –>        am                  Ej;        “I am hungry” (Yo estoy hambriento)
“I am Sam” (Yo soy Sam)

You                –>        are                  Ej;        “You are here” (Ustedes estan aquí)
“You are pretty” (Tú eres lindo)

He/She/It   –>        is                     Ej;        “María is in the park” (María está en el parque)
“My house is white” (Mi casa es blanca)

We                  –>        are                  Ej;        “We are in Paris” (Nosotros estamos en Paris)
“We are family” (Nosotros somos familia)

They              –>        are                  Ej;        “They are in the car” (Ellos estan en el auto)
“They are very lazy” (Ellos son muy flojos)

Como pueden ver, el “You” se utiliza cuando nos referimos a Tú y Ustedes.

Hay quienes prefieren decir que el Verb To Be puede tener otros significados, dependiendo de la oración, pero les recomiendo que sólo pienses en el “Ser” y “Estar” para que no se confundan. Por ejemplo; Si traducen la oración “I’m hungry” por “TENGO hambre”, estaremos dándole otro significado al Verb To Be, que sería el verbo “Tener”. Pero sólo traducimos esa oración como “Tengo hambre” ya que nosotros nos expresamos así en español, no diciendo “Estoy hambriento”. Esto sólo lo utilizamos que adecuar más rápidamente el inglés al español de la forma en que nosotros hablamos, pero no significa que el Verb To Be se pueda traducir realmente “Tener”.
Esto pasa con varias oraciones, muchas veces se le da un significado distinto, pero es muy importante que ustedes siempre traduzcan mentalmente el Verb To Be a “Ser” o “Estar” y luego le dan el significado más adecuado a la frase completa al español, y así evitar confusiones.

Negación

En la forma Negativa del Presente, sólo le agregamos una palabra; “NOT”. El “Not” siempre va después del Verb To Be, y no depende del sujeto.

El Verb to be se puede abreviar con la negación, pero no es recomendable cuando se trata de un escrito formal.

Ejemplos;

• I am not a baby (Yo no soy un bebé)
• You aren’t happy (Ustedes no están felices)

Interrogación

La forma interrogativa del presente la hacemos cambiando el orden entre el Sujeto y el Verb To Be. Ejemplo;

Si la oración afirmativa es “He is in the theater” (Él está en el teatro)

La oración interrogativa sería “Is he in the theater?” (Está él en el teatro?)

También, para las oraciones interrogativas, se utilizan otras palabras que nos ayudan a específicar lugares, formas y tiempos. Algunas de ellas son;

Where             –>        Dónde

Who                 –>        Quién

Which             –>        Cuál

When              –>        Cuándo

How                –>        Cuan / Cómo (dependiendo del resto de la oración)

Cuando anteponemos estas palabras a la oración afirmativa, el Verb To Be le sigue y después viene el sujeto. Ejemplos;

• Where are you? (Dónde estás?)
• Who is in the house? (Quién está en la casa?)
• How old are you? (Cuán viejo eres tú?, pero nosotros lo traducimos a “Qué edad tienes?”)

Estos auxiliares para interrogación pueden utilizarse en cualquier oración interrogativa, no sólo acompañando al Verb To Be.

PRESENTE Continuo

El presente continuo se utiliza cuando queremos expresar algo que hacemos permanentemente o por un rato; algo que ESTÁ PASANDO, no, algo que sólo PASA.

Por ejemplo; Si alguien nos pregunta “qué estamos haciendo”, nosotros respondemos “Estoy comiendo” o “jugando” o “estudiando”, etc. En cambio, si nos preguntan “Qué hacemos”, nosotros respondemos con el verbo en infinitivo, “Yo como”, “juego” o “estudio”. Esa es la gran diferencia en español estre el presente perfecto y el continuo. Una vez que entendemos eso, es muy fácil distinguirlos.

El verbo en inglés siempre debe ir continuo. Y para que eso suceda, debemos agregarle la terminación ING. El orden de los verbos, sujetos y Verb To Be es el mismo que en el presente perfecto.

Ejemplos;

Pregunta         –>        What are you doing?                        –> Qué estás haciendo?
Respuesta       –>        I’m reading the paper                     –> Estoy leyendo el periódico

Pregunta         –>       How are you feelling now?             –> Cómo estas sintiéndote ahora?
Respuesta       –>        I’m not feeling good                        –> No me estoy sintiendo bien

Pregunta         –>        Are you listening to me?                –> Estás escuchándome?
Respuesta       –>        Of course I am listening to you   –> Desde luego que estoy escuchándote

PASADO

En tiempo pasado, utilizamos WAS o WERE. Esto depende del sujeto a quien nos estamos refiriendo. Utilizaremos los mismos ejemplos para que se entienda mejor.

I                         –>        was                 Ej;        “I was hungry” (Yo estaba/estuve hambriento)
“I was little” (Yo era pequeño)

You                  –>        were               Ej;        “You were here” (Ustedes estuvieron aquí)
“You were ugly” (Tú eras feo)

He/She/It      –>        was                 Ej;        “María was in the park” (María estaba en el parque)
“My house was white” (Mi casa era blanca)

We                     –>        were               Ej;        “We were in Paris” (Nosotros estuvimos en Paris)
“We were family” (Nosotros fuimos familia)

They                 –>        were               Ej;        “They were in the car” (Ellos estaban en el auto)
“They were very lazy” (Ellos eran muy flojos)

Las formas Negativa e Interrogativa del Pasado se tratan igual que en el Presente.

Ejemplos Pasado Negativo;

• I wasn’t in school yesterday (Yo no estuve en la escuela ayer)
• They weren’t at the movies last week (Ellos no estuvieron en el cine la semana pasada)
• She and you were not my friends (Ella y tu no eran mis amigos)
• My car wasn’t clean last night (Mi auto no estaba limpio anoche)

Ejemplos Pasado Interrogativo;

• Where were you last week? (Dónde estuviste la semana pasada?)
• Was I pretty when i was little? (Era yo lindo cuando era pequeño?)
• Were you in the party last night? (Estuvieron ustedes en la fiesta anoche?)
• Who was that kid? (Quién era ese niño?)

* En el Presente, las formas afirmativa y negativa se pueden contraer (juntar el verb to be con el sujeto; “you’re”), mientras que en la forma interrogativa no. En el pretérito (pasado) solamente la forma negativa puede contraerse.

PASADO Continuo

El pasado continuo se trabaja de la misma forma que el presente continuo.
Podemos transformar los ejemplos del presente continuo a pasado continuo para que noten la diferencia.
Pregunta          –>        What were you doing?                      –> Qué estabas haciendo?
Respuesta       –>        I was reading the paper                    –> Estaba leyendo el periódico

Pregunta         –>        How were you feelling yesterday?    –> Cómo estabas sintiéndote ayer?
Respuesta       –>        I was not feeling good                            –> No estaba sintiéndome bien

Pregunta         –>        Were you listening to me?                –> Estabas escuchándome?
Respuesta       –>        Of course I was listening to you     –> Desde luego que estaba escuchándote

TO BE + GOING TO

El GOING TO Expresa una forma de futuro. Equivale a las expresiones españolas “ir a…, estar punto de… tener la intención de…, etc.”

Para oraciones de futuro, también se utiliza el WILL, pero no lo veremos en esta lección, ya que cuando se utiliza el WILL, el Verb To be queda excluido.

Esta forma de futuro la utilizamos cuando queremos decir que vamos a hacer algo en particular. Con ejemplos lo entenderemos mejor;

We are going to be heros                       –>        Nosotros vamos a ser heroes

I’m not going to travel next week      –>        No voy a viajar la próxima semana

Are you going to read that book?      –>        Vas a leer ese libro?

EJERCICIOS

Completa la oración con el Verb to Be que corresponde, en el tiempo que corresponde.

Nota: Si tienes dudas del tiempo al cual se está refiriendo, busca si hay algún indicador, por ejemplo, horas, días, meses, etc, y ahí verás de si se está hablando de pasado, presente o futuro.

1.- Carlos _____ walking with his girlfriend in the park yesterday.

2.- I ____ going to take a bus to go home.

3.- Where _______ we when he was in the hospital?

4.- Which one of you _____ hungry?

5.- ______ you studying right now?

6.- What ______ you talking about?

7.- My dog _____ very sick.

RESPUESTAS

1.- “Was”

2.- “Am”

3.- “Were”

4.- “Is”

5.- “Are”

6.- “Are”

7.- “Is”

El verbo “to have” significa “tener” o “poseer”. Es comúnmente usado en inglés, ya que tiene muchas funciones, al igual que en nuestro idioma su análogo en castellano. Él puede ser el verbo principal, el verbo auxiliar en los tiempos de “perfecto” presente, pasado y futuro, o ser parte de la formación de frases posesivas. En tiempo pasado, el verbo “to have” se convierte en “had”. Os señalamos algunos ejemplos de su uso general: 

I have to study tomorrow (Tengo que estudiar mañana). 

He had to left my house (Él tiene que dejar mi casa) 

She had done the bed (Ella hizo su cama) 

You have to go to church (Tú tienes que ir a la iglesia). 

Tiempos verbales de “to have” 

Presente 

I have (Yo tengo) 

You have (Tú tienes) 

He has (Él tiene) 

She has (Ella tiene) 

It has (Esto tiene) 

We have (Nosotros tenemos) 

You have (Vosotros tenéis) 

They have (Ellos tienen) 

Pasado 

I had (Yo tuve) 

You had (Tu tuviste) 

He had (Él tuvo) 

She had (Ella tuvo) 

It had (Esto tuvo) 

We had (Nosotros tuvimos) 

You had (Vosotros tuvisteis) 

They had (Ellos tuvieron) 

Futuro (empleando el auxiliar will y shall) 

I shalll have (Yo tendré) 

You will have (Tú tendrás) 

He will have (Él tendrá) 

She will have (Ella tendrá) 

It will have (Esto tendrá) 

We shall have (Nosotros tendremos) 

You will have (Vosotros tendréis) 

They will have (Ellos tendrá)

To have

I have breakfast at 8 o’clock most days. 
I had breakfast at 8 o’clock yesterday morning 
I shall have breakfast at 8 o’clock tomorrow morning. 

She has a bath every day. 
She had a bath yesterday. 
She will have a bath early tomorrow. 

He has a nice dream every night. 
He had a nice dream last night. 
He will have a nice dream tomorrow. 

I have a conversation with my father every other day. 
I had a conversation with my father last night. 
I shall have a convesation with my father next Saturday. 

I have a game of tennis twice a week. 
I had a game of tennis last Sunday. 
I shall have a game of tennis next Friday. 

He has a beer once a week. 
He had a beer yesterday. 
He will have a beer tomorrow night. 

They have lunch at 1:00 every day. 
They had luch at 1:30 yesterday. 
They will have lunch at 1:30 tomorrow. 

We have dinner at 8:30 on Saturdays. 
We had dinner at 7:30 last night. 
We shall have dinner at 7:30 tomorrow night. 

Mi father has a shave every mornig. 
My father had a shave yesterday. 
My father will have a shave tomorrow. 

My mother has tea every day. 
My mother had tea yesterday. 
My mother will have tea tomorrow. 

I have no time for you 
I shall not have time for you 
I had no time for you 

I have a brand new car 
I shall have a brand new car 
I had a brand new car 

Do you have the food ready? 
will you have the food ready? 
You did not have the food ready 

They have a very good taste 
will they have a very good taste 
They had a very good taste 

presente 
i have one car 
i have 16 years 
i have two houses ... 

futuro 

i shall have five years ... 

pasado 

I had a dog 

presente to have ( tener) 
pasado to had ( tuve ) 
futuro shall have(tendre)